Prevalence and Distribution of Morphological Variations in Maxillary Lateral Incisors in the Libyan Population

Abstract

Dental anomalies may arise from developmental, congenital, or acquired factors. These irregularities can complicate the achievement of ideal occlusion and aesthetic outcomes, often necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and distribution of morphological anomalies in permanent maxillary lateral incisors among Libyan patients. The study also investigates the correlation between gender and the occurrence of these dental anomalies. The study population consisted of 400 Libyan individuals with no history of dental treatment. Each participant was examined for anomalies associated with permanent maxillary lateral incisors, including malformations and agenesis. All observed abnormalities were carefully recorded. Clinical dental examinations were conducted on 163 males (40.8%) and 237 females (59.2%). The overall prevalence of dental anomalies was 3.75%. The most frequently observed anomaly was congenital absence of the upper lateral incisor (1.5%), followed by peg-shaped incisors (1.25%). The least common anomalies were talon cusps and micro-sized lateral incisors (0.5%). Females exhibited a higher rate of anomalies compared to males. Bilateral congenital absence of upper lateral incisors was observed. Peg-shaped incisors occurred both bilaterally and unilaterally in both genders. The findings highlight the variability in the prevalence of dental anomalies across different populations. Early diagnosis is essential for comprehensive treatment planning and improved prognosis.