Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs
<p><a href="http://116.202.225.210/plesk-site-preview/journal.khalijedental.com.ly/Default.aspx">Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research (KJDMR)</a> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_WordLable">- eISSN:2708-888X - is one of the specialty journal in dental and medical science published by Faculty of Dentistry Khalij-Libya (FDKL), Janzur, Libya. The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental sciences. The journal welcome review articles, original research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.</span></p> <p> </p>Faculty of dentistry Khalij-Libyaen-USKhalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research2708-888XNewborn Gingival Cyst: A Case Report
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/152
<p>Gingival cyst of newborn is a type of oral mucosal lesion of transient nature. It is very common lesion within 3 to 6 weeks of birth and very rare to visualize the lesion thereafter. We report a case of three gingival cysts that are visible 15 days of birth. Two of these cysts are Bohn nodules (one on each side of the maxillary alveolar ridge, and the other one is Epstein pearl at the midline of the palate. Clinical diagnoses of these conditions are important in order to avoid unnecessary therapeutic procedure and provide suitable information to parents about the nature of the lesion.</p> <p>الكيس اللثوي عند الأطفال حديثي الولادة هو نوع من اصابات الغشاء المخاطي للفم ذات طبيعة مؤقتة. وهي اصابة شائعة جدًا يمكن ملاحظتها خلال 3 إلى 6 أسابيع بعد الولادة ومن النادر جدًا رؤيتها بعد ذلك. في هذا التقرير دراسة حالة لثلاثة أكياس لثوية يمكن ملاحظتها بعد 15 يومًا من الولادة. اثنان من هذه الكيسات هما عقيدات بوهن (واحدة على كل جانب من الحافة السنخية العلوية)، والأخرى هي إبشتاين بيرل في الخط الأوسط للحنك. يعد التشخيص السريري لهذه الحالات أمرًا حيويًا لتجنب الإجراءات العلاجية غير الضرورية وتوفير المعلومات المناسبة للوالدين عن طبيعة الإصابة.</p>Ruwaida MiraTaher AbdelhameedAmnah Mohamed
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-01-082025-01-081310.47705/kjdmr.25911001Comprehensive Clinicopathological Analysis of Oral Reactive Hyperplastic Lesions Diagnosed in Libyan Population: Cross-Sectional Multicentric Study
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/151
<p>Oral reactive hyperplastic lesions (ORHLs) are non-neoplastic tumor-like hyperplasia frequently developing in the oral mucosa due to chronic inflammation caused by many low-grade irritations. They are relatively common, and their clinical appearance resembles neoplastic proliferations. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of ORHLs based on WHO's head and neck tumor classification (2022) in the Libyan population over the last 20 years and compare the results with previous literature. In this retrospective study, all the records of histologically diagnosed ORHLs between 2002 and 2023 collected from the Tripoli University Hospital and Saray Salam Center in Tripoli, Libya, were reviewed. Information regarding the age at diagnosis, gender, site affection, and histopathological diagnosis was extracted and analyzed using SPSS statistical software (V.26) using the Chi-square test. ORHLs constituted 14.5% of the total diagnosed cases (335/3210) in registered oral and maxillofacial biopsies. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) was the most common type of ORHL (48%) followed by irritational fibroma (IF) (30%), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) (8%). The peak incidence of ORHLs was in the third and fourth decades (37.6% and 32.8% retrospectively), with an overall age at onset of diagnosis (Mean ± SD 36.4±7). The relationship between the age categories and ORHLs was statistically significant (P=0.03). Female predominance was found in all lesions with a ratio (2:1). Gingiva was the most prevalent anatomical location for ORHLs, accounting for 31% of cases. There have been some similarities and inconsistencies between our findings and previous studies involving various populations. We found a clear geographic difference in the relative incidence of oral reactive lesions in each Libyan governorate. The occurrence of ORHRLs in different nations can be retrospectively evaluated to improve knowledge of ORHLs, which is critical for pathologists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.</p> <p>الآفات التضخمية التفاعلية الفموية هي تضخم غير ورمي يشبه الورم يتطور بشكل متكرر في الغشاء المخاطي للفم بسبب الالتهاب المزمن الناجم عن العديد من التهيجات منخفضة الدرجة. وهي شائعة نسبيًا، ويشبه مظهرها السريري التكاثرات السرطانية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد انتشار وتوزيع الآفات التضخمية التفاعلية الفموية بناءً على تصنيف منظمة الصحة العالمية لأورام الرأس والرقبة (2022) في السكان الليبيين على مدى السنوات العشرين الماضية ومقارنة النتائج بالأدبيات السابقة. في هذه الدراسة الاسترجاعية، تمت مراجعة جميع سجلات الآفات التضخمية التفاعلية الفموية التي تم تشخيصها نسيجيًا بين عامي 2002 و 2023 والتي تم جمعها من مستشفى جامعة طرابلس ومركز سراي سلام في طرابلس، ليبيا. تم استخراج المعلومات المتعلقة بالعمر عند التشخيص والجنس وموقع الإصابة والتشخيص النسيجي المرضي وتحليلها باستخدام برنامج SPSS الإحصائي (V.26) باستخدام اختبار مربع كاي. شكلت أورام اللثة المحيطة بالسن 14.5% من إجمالي الحالات التي تم تشخيصها (335/3210) في الخزعات المسجلة للفم والوجه والفكين. كان الورم الحبيبي القيحي (PG) هو النوع الأكثر شيوعًا من أورام اللثة المحيطة بالسن (48%) يليه الورم الليفي المهيج (IF) (30%) والورم الحبيبي الخلوي العملاق المحيطي (PGCG) (8%). كان ذروة حدوث أورام اللثة المحيطة بالسن في العقدين الثالث والرابع (37.6% و32.8% بأثر رجعي)، مع عمر إجمالي عند بداية التشخيص (متوسط ± انحراف معياري 36.4±7). كانت العلاقة بين الفئات العمرية وأورام اللثة المحيطة بالسن ذات دلالة إحصائية (P=0.03). وُجدت هيمنة الإناث في جميع الآفات بنسبة (2:1). كانت اللثة هي الموقع التشريحي الأكثر انتشارًا لأورام اللثة المحيطة بالسن، حيث مثلت 31% من الحالات. كانت هناك بعض أوجه التشابه والتناقض بين نتائجنا والدراسات السابقة التي شملت مجموعات سكانية مختلفة. لقد وجدنا اختلافًا جغرافيًا واضحًا في معدل الإصابة النسبي للآفات التفاعلية الفموية في كل محافظة ليبية. يمكن تقييم حدوث آفات الفم التفاعلية الفموية في دول مختلفة بأثر رجعي لتحسين المعرفة بآفات الفم التفاعلية الفموية، وهو أمر بالغ الأهمية لعلماء الأمراض وجراحي الفم والوجه والفكين.</p>Ebtesam AldiebEman AgaYousef Hasen
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-01-122025-01-1242010.47705/kjdmr.25911002The Impact of Incorporating Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticle Fillers into Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Material on Flexural Strength
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/155
<p>Several previous studies have incorporated NPs-SiO2 at various concentration percentages in heat-cure PMMA to increase the mechanical properties of the denture base. Many researchers found out that adding NPs-SiO2 at low concentrations has shown enhancements in mechanical properties compared to higher concentrations percentages. This study was conducted to examine the impact of adding Silicon Dioxide as a nanoparticle filler at diver’s concentrations in heat-cured PMMA denture bases on flexural strength. Fifty specimens with dimensions (65 x 10 x 2.5 mm3) were fabricated from heat-cure-PMMA, and then specimens were divided into 5 groups according to different concentrations of NPs-SiO2. Each group consisted of 10 specimens. Moreover, 10 samples were prepared as a control group without any additives of NPs-SiO2 to PMMA. Three-point bending test was carried out using a universal testing machine to measure the flexural strength of specimens. Data analyses were conducted through analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). The one-way ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences among groups (p<0.05). The highest flexural strength value was observed for the group (S1), with concentrations 0.5% by weight of NPs-SiO2 into PMMA. The control group showed a lower value of flexural strength than other groups. Low concentration percentages of NPs-SiO2 added to PMMA could increase the flexural strength of the PMMA denture base. According to the current investigation, 0.5% was the optimal concentration percentage for adding NPs-SiO2 to PMMA while maintaining an appropriate flexural strength value.</p> <p>قامت العديد من الدراسات السابقة إضافة جسيمات نانوية بتراكيز مختلفة من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون كمادة حشو مع راتنج بي إم إم أي المعالج بالحرارة لتصنيع قاعدة طقم الأسنان، بهدف تحسين خواصه الميكانيكية. كما أظهرت نتائج العديد من الدراسات، أن إضافة جسيمات الحشو النانوية منخفضة التركيز من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون تؤدي إلى تحسن ملحوظ في الخواص الميكانيكية لمادة الراتنج بي إم إم أي مقارنة بالتراكيز الأعلى. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى فحص تأثير إضافة جسيمات الحشو النانوية من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون بتراكيز مختلفة إلى مادة راتنج بي إم إم أي المستخدمة في صناعة قواعد أطقم الأسنان المعالجة بالحرارة، على قوة الانثناء. حيث تم تحضير 50 عينة بأبعاد (65 × 10 × 2.5 مم³) من مادة راتنج بي إم إم أي المعالجة بالحرارة، وتم تقسيم العينات إلى خمس مجموعات حسب التراكيز المختلفة لجسيمات الحشو النانوية من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون. كل مجموعة اشتملت على 10 عينات، بالإضافة إلى 10 عينات كمجموعة ضابطة خالية من أي إضافات من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون. تم إجراء اختبار الانحناء ثلاثي النقاط لقياس قوة الانثناء للعينات. كما تم تحليل البيانات إحصائيا باستخدام تحليل التباين واختبار Tukey's post hoc (α = 0.05). أظهر تحليل التباين الأحادي (ANOVA) وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعات (P<0.05) وسجلت أعلى قيمة لقوة الانثناء في المجموعة (S1) التي تحتوي على تركيز 0.5% من جسيمات الحشو النانوية من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون المضافة إلى راتنج بي إم إم أي. في المقابل، أظهرت المجموعة الضابطة قيمة أقل لقوة الانثناء مقارنة بالمجموعات الأخرى. تشير النتائج إلى أن النسب المئوية المنخفضة من جسيمات الحشو النانوية من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون يمكن أن تحسن قوة الانثناء لقاعدة طقم الأسنان المصنوعة من راتنج بي إم إم أي. ووفقاً للبحث الحالي، فإن النسبة المثلى لتركيز الجسيمات الحشو النانوية من ثاني أكسيد السيليكون كانت 0.5%، حيث تحققت عندها قيمة قوة انحناء مناسبة</p>Ahmed AbdulazeezAsaad Eshaewi
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-01-142025-01-14212610.47705/kjdmr.25911003Effect of Material on The Fracture Resistance of Three-Unit Endocrown Retained Bridge on Endodontically Treated Abutments
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/157
<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of material selection on the fracture resistance of a three-unit endocrown-retained bridge placed on endodontically treated abutments. Two restorative materials were investigated: lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) and high-performance polymer (BioHPP, Bredent GmbH). A total of 14 samples were fabricated using standardized preparation techniques, with each material group comprising seven samples. Endocrown retainers were designed using CAD/CAM technology and cemented with adhesive resin cement (3M RelyX™ Ultimate). The samples underwent thermomechanical aging using a chewing simulator, followed by static fracture testing in a universal testing machine to assess their load-bearing capacity. Statistical analysis revealed that the IPS e.max Press group exhibited higher fracture resistance (1505.8 ± 57.79 N) than the BioHPP group (1352.2 ± 113.54 N), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0026). Despite this, both materials demonstrated fracture resistance values exceeding the functional occlusal forces encountered in clinical settings. Endocrown-retained bridges fabricated from IPS e.max Press and BioHPP exhibit clinically acceptable fracture resistance. However, IPS e.max Press demonstrated superior mechanical properties, making it a more reliable choice for endocrown-retained restorations. BioHPP restorations, while slightly less resistant, offer advantages in terms of biocompatibility and wear resistance. Further research is recommended to explore long-term clinical performance.</p> <p>هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم تأثير اختيار المواد على مقاومة الكسر لجسر مكون من ثلاث وحدات مثبت بالتاج الداخلي موضوع على دعامات معالجة لبيًا. تم التحقيق في مادتين ترميميتين: ثنائي سيليكات الليثيوم والبوليمر عالي الأداء. تم تصنيع ما مجموعه 14 عينة باستخدام تقنيات تحضير موحدة، حيث تتكون كل مجموعة مواد من سبع عينات. تم تصميم مثبتات التاج الداخلي باستخدام تقنية CAD / CAM وتم تثبيتها بإسمنت راتنجي لاصق. خضعت العينات للشيخوخة الحرارية الميكانيكية باستخدام محاكي المضغ، تلا ذلك اختبار الكسر الثابت في آلة اختبار عالمية لتقييم قدرتها على تحمل الحمل. كشف التحليل الإحصائي أن مجموعة ثنائي سيليكات الليثيوم أظهرت مقاومة أعلى للكسر (1505.8 ± 57.79 نيوتن) من مجموعة البوليمر عالي الأداء (1352.2 ± 113.54 نيوتن)، مع وجود فرق كبير إحصائيًا (ص = 0.0026). وعلى الرغم من ذلك، أظهرت كلتا المادتين قيم مقاومة للكسر تتجاوز قوى الإطباق الوظيفية التي واجهتها في الإعدادات السريرية. تُظهر الجسور المدعومة بالتاج الداخلي المصنوعة من ثنائي سيليكات الليثيوم والبوليمر عالي الأداء مقاومة مقبولة سريريًا للكسر. ومع ذلك، أظهرت ثنائي سيليكات الليثيوم خصائص ميكانيكية متفوقة، مما يجعلها خيارًا أكثر موثوقية للحشوات المدعومة بالتاج الداخلي. توفر الحشوات المدعومة بالتاج الداخلي، على الرغم من كونها أقل مقاومة قليلاً، مزايا من حيث التوافق الحيوي ومقاومة التآكل. يوصى بإجراء مزيد من البحث لاستكشاف الأداء السريري طويل الأمد.</p> <p> </p>Hend ElkawashSalima AounMohamed AlgundiEhab Dauki
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-02-052025-02-05273210.47705/kjdmr.25911004Evaluation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Before and After Phase I Therapy with Subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic Acid in Chronic Periodontitis Patients
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/158
<p>The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of TNF-α in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), before and after phase I therapy with subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid (Gengigel Gel). A total of thirty subjects were included in this study; 20 CP patients as a study group (group I) and 10 systemically healthy subjects with clinically healthy gingiva as a control group (group II). The nonsurgical periodontal therapy (SRP) + HA gel were done in group I. Periodontal parameters, including PI, GI, BOP, PD and the CAL, were recorded. GCF and serum were collected from all individuals included in the study; the first sample was collected from all groups (study and control) before treatment. The second sample was collected 4 weeks after subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid & phase I therapy from group I. Levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum were quantified using ELISA. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in total levels of TNF-α in serum and TNF-α in GCF in study group after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy. Results also showed all clinical parameters were significantly improved after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy in groups I (p<0.001). Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the mainstay of treatment of periodontal diseases, furthermore subgingival application of Hyaluronic acid gel with SRP were effective in improving clinical parameters in CP patients. TNF-α level in serum and GCF are reduced after phase I therapy with application of Hyaluronic acid.</p> <p>الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تقييم معدل عامل نخر الورم الفا في المصل والسائل اللثوي قبل وبعد العلاج الغير جراحي مع استخدام حامض الهيالورونيك كدواء موضعي في الجيوب اللتوية لمرضي التهاب الأنسجة الداعمة المزمن. اشتملت هذه الدراسة على تلاثون شخصا تم تقسيمهم الي مجموعتين: المجموعة الاولى احتوت على 20 مريض يعانون من التهاب اللأنسجة الداعمة للأسنان كمجموعة اختبار, والمجموعة الثانية احتوت على 10 اشخاص أصحاء لايعانون من أمراض اللثة كمجموعة ضابطة. وقد روعي عند اختيار الحالات ان يكونوا ضمن المعدل الطبيعي للوزن كما تمت مراعاة خلوهم من الامراض الجهازية و تم استبعاد المدخنين و الحوامل. تم تقيم كلا من عمق الجيوب اللثوية و معدل فقدان التلاصق بين اللثة والاسنان, و معامل اللثة ومعامل تراكم البلاك ومعامل الادماء اللثوي قبل البدء في العلاج وبعد الانتهاء منه. وتم جمع السائل اللثوي و المصل من جميع الأفراد الواردة في الدراسة. وقد تم جمع العينة الأولى من المجموعتين (دراسة و ضابطة) قبل كحت وازالة الرواسب الجيرية وتنعيم اسطح الجذور ,واستخدام حامض الهيالورونيك في الجيوب اللتوية. العينة الثانية جمعت بعد 4 أسابيع من كحت وازالة الرواسب الجيرية، وتنعيم اسطح الجذور وتطبيق حامض الهيالورونيك في الجيوب اللتوية للمجموعة الاولي فقط. يتم قياس تركيزعامل نخر الورم الفا في السائل اللثوي و المصل كميا باستخدام ELISA كما تم اجراء التحليلات البيانية باستخدام البرنامج الاحصائي SPSS. واظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية أن هناك تحسن سريري وفروق ذات دلالة إحصائية فى قياس جميع المظاهر السريرية بعد العلاج اللثوي لمجموعةالاختبار باستخدام حامض الهيالورونيك في الجيوب اللتوية. وكدلك اظهرت الدراسة انخفاض في معدلات عامل نخر الورم الفا في المصل و السائل اللثوي بعد العلاج الغير جراحي و استخدام حامض الهيالورونيك في الجيوب اللتوية في مجموعة الاختبار. تدعم هذه الدراسة ان استخدام الادوية الموضعية بالاضافة الي كحت وازالة الرواسب الجيرية, وتنعيم أسطح الجذور لمجموعة الاختبارهي الطريقة الفعالة لعلاج الامراض اللثوية وقد حققت تحسنات سريرية وفروق ذات دلالة احصائية في قياس جميع المظاهر السريرية. تشير الدراسة أيضا إلى أن تقييم مستويات عامل نخر الورم الفا في مصل الدم و السائل اللثوي قد يكون مفيد لمراقبة نشاط الالتهابات اللثوية والاستجابة للعلاجات الغير الجراحية بمساعدة الادوية الموضعية كما ينصح باجراء المزيد من الدراسات علي عدد اكبر من الحالات واستخدام طرق علاجية مختلفة</p>Khalid ShabanAtef alasfarNada Shaban
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-02-062025-02-06333710.47705/kjdmr.25911005Consequences of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes on certain Hematological and Hepatic parameters in Albino Mice
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/160
<p>Alloxan is widely used to induce diabetes in animal models because it selectively destroys pancreatic beta islets, which correlate with inverse change in the plasma concentration of insulin, resulting in beta cells necrosis. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which affects humans of all ages and has become epidemic in the last few years. Oxidative stress in DM can contribute to various abnormalities in the physiology of blood cells and liver impairment. The primary goal of this study is to investigate how diabetes affects blood parameters and liver function in an animal model, which contributes to managing various complications in diabetic patients. Twenty male Swiss albino mice were housed at research lab in pharmacology department, faculty of medicine, Benghazi. Mice were fasted for 48 hours and then classified into two groups; the first group did not receive any treatment while the second group received a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan 200mg/kg dissolved in normal saline (PH 4.5) with a concentration of 1%. After one month, the blood samples were collected from all mice and analyzed. The main outcome is that induction of diabetes in albino mice result in elevated blood glucose level, weight loss, low RBC and WBC counts, elevated platelets count, and liver impairment. The findings of this study align with previous research investigating that diabetes can result in anemia, immune suppression, and liver damage. However, translational explanations must account for species-specific responses and model limitations.</p> <p>يستخدم الألوكسان على نطاق واسع للحث على مرض السكري في النماذج الحيوانية لأنه يدمر بشكل انتقائي جزر بيتا البنكرياسية، التي ترتبط بالتغير العكسي في تركيز الأنسولين في البلازما، مما يؤدي إلى نخر خلايا بيتا. داء السكري هو اضطراب أيضي يصيب البشر من جميع الأعمار، وقد أصبح وباءً في السنوات القليلة الماضية. يمكن أن يساهم الإجهاد التأكسدي في حدوث تشوهات مختلفة في فسيولوجيا خلايا الدم وضعف الكبد. الهدف الأساسي من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة كيفية تأثير مرض السكري على بارامترات الدم ووظائف الكبد في نموذج حيواني، مما يساهم في إدارة المضاعفات المختلفة لدى مرضى السكري. تم إيواء عشرين فأرا سويسريا ذكرا في مختبر الأبحاث بقسم الصيدلة بكلية الطب بنغازي. تم صيام الفئران لمدة 48 ساعة ثم تم تصنيفها إلى مجموعتين؛ لم تتلق المجموعة الأولى أي علاج بينما تلقت المجموعة الثانية حقنة واحدة داخل الصفاق من الألوكسان الطازج 200 ملغم / كغم مذاب في محلول ملحي عادي وبعد شهر واحد، تم جمع عينات الدم من جميع الفئران وتحليلها. والنتيجة الرئيسية هي أن تحفيز مرض السكري في الفئران البيضاء يؤدي إلى ارتفاع مستوى السكر في الدم، وفقدان الوزن، وانخفاض عدد كرات الدم الحمراء وخلايا الدم البيضاء، وارتفاع عدد الصفائح الدموية، وضعف الكبد. تتوافق نتائج هذه الدراسة مع الأبحاث السابقة التي بحثت في أن مرض السكري يمكن أن يؤدي إلى فقر الدم وتثبيط المناعة وتلف الكبد. ومع ذلك، يجب أن تأخذ التفسيرات الترجمية في الاعتبار الاستجابات الخاصة بالأنواع والقيود النموذجية</p>Mahmoud ElderbiAsma OmarHajer OmarAshref ElburiMuatasemBellah Ibrahim
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-02-232025-02-23384310.47705/kjdmr.25911006TNF-alpha Differentially Regulates Ghrelin Expression in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines and Primary Cell Cultures
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/161
<p>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and Ghrelin exhibit autocrine and paracrine functions and are present in several tissues. Their biological effects have been observed in the endometrium under both normal and pathological conditions. This experiment was set out to determine whether TNF alpha changes ghrelin expression in primary endometrial cell culture and endometrial cancer cell lines. Endometrial tissue was taken after ethical permission from 25–40-year-old women who had gynecological surgery at Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, UK. TNF- alpha was added to cultivated Ishikawa and HEC1B endometrial cancer cell lines at 1,10 ng/ml. similar treatments were conducted to isolate primary endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. TNF-induced Ghrelin expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. TNF induced a concentration-dependent increase in immunostaining of ghrelin expression and apoptosis in endometrial cancer cell lines. Similarly, primary endometrial epithelial showed a concentration-dependent increase in the apoptotic appearance and ghrelin expression, whereas stromal cells did not demonstrate any detectable changes. TNF-alpha showed a Concentration-dependent effect on apoptotic appearance and ghrelin-expressing in endometrial cancer cell lines (Ishikawa, Hec1B cells) and epithelial cells but not in stromal cells. This finding points to TNF-alpha’s intricate influence on the biology and reproduction of the endometrium. Further in vivo quantitative assessments for endometrial expression of ghrelin peptide, mRNA, and the related molecular aspects for these endometrial effects are needed.</p> <p>عامل النخر الورمي ألفا والغريلين لديهما وظائف ذاتية الافراز وموضعية التأثير (نظير صماوي)، ويوجد كل منهما في عدة انسجة، وقد تم رصد تأثيرهم البيولوجي في الحالات الطبيعية والمرضية لبطانة الرحم. الهدف: تم اجراء هذه التجربة لتحديد إذا ما كان عامل النخر الورمي الفا له تأثير على تعبير القريلين في خطوط الخلايا الأولية وخطوط الخلايا السرطانية لبطانة الرحم. المواد والطرق: تم اخد عينات انسجة بطانة الرحم بعد الموافقة الأخلاقية من نساء تتراوح أعمارهم من 25 الي 40 عاما واللائي خضعن لجراحة نسائية في Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, UK . تم إضافة عامل النخر الورمي الفا لخطوط الخلايا السرطانية لبطانة الرحم ((Ishikawa, Hec1B cells بتركيز 1 و 10 نانوجرام \ مل . نفس المعاملة السابقة تم اجراؤها على الخلايا الطلائية والسدوية الأولية المعزولة من عينات بطانة الرحم وتم تقييم التغييرات المستحدثة بإضافة عامل النخر الورمي الفا على تعبير القريلين باستخدام كيمياء المناعة الخلوية. النتائج: أدت المعاملة بعامل النخر الورمي الفا الي زيادة معتمدة علي التركيز في صفات الموت الخلوي وكذلك في التعبير عن القريلين في خطوط خلايا سرطان بطانة الرحم ((Ishikawa, Hec1B . وبالمثل؛ أظهرت الخلايا الطلائية الأولية لبطانة الرحم زيادة معتمدة على التركيز في مظاهر الموت الخلوي وتعبير القريلين. بينما لم تظهر الخلايا السدوية لبطانة الرحم أي تغيير ملحوظ. الاستنتاج: عامل النخر الورمي الفا لديه تأثير يعتمد علي التركيز في ظهور الخلايا المبرمجة للموت و أيضا في تعبير القريلين في خطوط خلا سرطان بطانة الرحم ((Ishikawa, Hec1B cells والخلايا الطلائية ولكن ليس في الخلايا اللحمية لبطانة الرحم. تشير هذه النتائج الي التأثير البيولوجي المعقد لعامل النخر الفا على وظيفة بطانة الرحم والتكاثر. هناك حاجة الي دراسات اخري تجري في الجسم الحي لتقييم تأثير عامل النخر الفا على تعبير القريلين وكذلك فهم الالية الجزيئية المرتبطة بهذا التأثير</p>Wafa ElmghirbiMawada ElsadeMabroka AlgahroseWarida El-RwegiWafa SoullaKhaled Benelhaj
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-02-252025-02-25445210.47705/kjdmr.25911007Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease Among People Under 50 Years of Age in Tripoli, Libya
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/156
<p>Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a significant global cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among younger populations. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors contributing to CHD among individuals under 50 years of age in Tripoli, Libya. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 85 patients from three hospitals in Tripoli: Metiga Hospital, Tajura Heart Hospital, and Tripoli University Hospital. Results revealed that the highest affected age group was 46–50 years (51%), CHD was more prevalent among males (68%), and the most significant risk factors were physical inactivity (70%), psychological stress (56%), smoking (52%), and hypertension (47%), additionally, dietary habits had a substantial impact. These findings underscore the growing public health concern of CHD among younger individuals and the need for focused prevention strategies.</p> <p>تظل أمراض القلب التاجية سببًا عالميًا مهمًا للمرض والوفيات، وخاصة بين السكان الأصغر سنًا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى توضيح عوامل الخطر التي تساهم في الإصابة بأمراض القلب التاجية بين الأفراد الذين تقل أعمارهم عن 50 عامًا في طرابلس، ليبيا. تم جمع البيانات من خلال استبيان تم توزيعه على 85 مريضًا من ثلاثة مستشفيات في طرابلس: مستشفى معيتيقة، ومستشفى تاجوراء للقلب، ومستشفى جامعة طرابلس. كشفت النتائج أن الفئة العمرية الأكثر تضررًا كانت من 46 إلى 50 عامًا (51٪)، وكان مرض القلب التاجي أكثر انتشارًا بين الذكور (68٪)، وكانت عوامل الخطر الأكثر أهمية هي الخمول البدني (70٪)، والإجهاد النفسي (56٪)، والتدخين (52٪)، وارتفاع ضغط الدم (47٪)، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان للعادات الغذائية تأثير كبير. تؤكد هذه النتائج على القلق المتزايد بشأن الصحة العامة فيما يتعلق بأمراض القلب التاجية بين الأفراد الأصغر سنًا والحاجة إلى استراتيجيات وقائية مركزة</p>Sana MasudAreej TailamunRodina Alrabty
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-03-182025-03-18535610.47705/kjdmr.25911008Disinfection Effect on Surface Properties of Prosthodontic Polymer Impression Materials: An In Vitro Study
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/164
<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the surface roughness, shore hardness, and dimensional accuracy of commercially obtainable Prosthodontic polymer impression material in terms of imbibition after immersion in two different media and without disinfection. This in vitro study was designed to investigate the surface properties of polymer impression materials before and after disinfection by immersion. Materials with different consistencies (alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid), condensation silicone (putty), and addition silicone (putty) impression materials) were investigated. The tested null hypothesis was the fact that there would be no significant differences in surface properties among these Prosthodontic polymer impression materials. Two disinfecting agents, Zeta 7 solution and ASEPTOPRINT, were used to assess the surface roughness, hardness, and dimensional accuracy of the impression material. The weights of the discs of the Prosthodontic polymer impression material samples were measured before and immediately after immersion to determine if there was a change in the properties of the material. study was conducted at the Advanced Medical Polymer Group in the Libyan Polymer Research Center to evaluate the surface properties of prosthodontic polymer impression materials. Data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and One-way ANOVA calculations. The study showed that the surface properties of dental polymer impression materials were affected by disinfection methods. Specifically, for alginate material, there were significant differences in surface properties between the control group (before immersion) and after immersion in zeta 7 solution and ASEPTOPRINT spray. However, for addition silicone (putty), there was a significant difference in surface properties between the control group and after immersion in zeta 7 solution, while immersion in spray did not show a significant difference. For condensation silicone (putty) material, there were significant differences in surface properties between the control group and after immersion in both zeta 7 solution and ASEPTOPRINT spray. The study concluded that disinfection methods can affect the surface properties of dental polymer impression materials.</p> <p>أُجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم خشونة السطح، والصلابة، ودقة أبعاد مواد الطباعة البوليمرية المتوفرة تجاريًا، وذالك من حيث الامتصاص بعد الغمر في وسطين مختلفين ودون تعقيم. صُممت هذه الدراسة المختبرية لدراسة خصائص أسطح مواد الطبعات البوليمرية قبل وبعد التعقيم بالغمر. تم فحص مواد ذات قوام مختلف (الالجينت (غرواني مائي غير قابل للانعكاس)، وسيليكون التكثيف (معجون)، ومواد طباعة سيليكون إضافية (معجون). كانت الفرضية الصفرية التي تم اختبارها هي عدم وجود فروق جوهرية في خصائص الأسطح بين مواد الطبعات البوليمرية. هنا ثم استُخدام عاملان مطهران، هما محلول زيتا 7 ومادة أسيبتوبرينت، لتقييم خشونة السطح، وصلابة السطح، ودقة أبعاد مادة الطباعة. تم قياس أوزان أقراص عينات مواد الطبعات البوليمرية قبل الغمر وبعده مباشرةً لتحديد ما إذا كان هناك تغيير في خصائص المادة. أُجريت دراسة في مجموعة البوليمرات الطبية المتقدمة بالمركز الليبي لأبحاث البوليمرات لتقييم خصائص أسطح مواد الطبعات البوليمر التعويضية. وتضمن تحليل البيانات المتوسط والانحراف المعياري وحسابات تحليل التباين أحادي الاتجاه. وأظهرت الدراسة أن خصائص أسطح مواد طباعة البوليمر السنية تتأثر بطرق التطهير. وتحديدًا، بالنسبة لمادة الألجينات، وُجدت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في خصائص السطح بين المجموعة الضابطة (قبل الغمر) وبعد الغمر في محلول زيتا 7 ورذاذ أسيبتوبرينت. أما بالنسبة لمادة السيليكون الإضافي (المعجون)، فقد وُجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية في خصائص السطح بين المجموعة الضابطة وبعد الغمر في محلول زيتا 7، بينما لم يُظهر الغمر في الرذاذ فرقًا ذا دلالة إحصائية. أما بالنسبة لمادة السيليكون المكثف (المعجون)، فقد وُجدت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في خصائص السطح بين المجموعة الضابطة وبعد الغمر في كل من محلول زيتا 7 ورذاذ أسيبتوبرينت. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن طرق التطهير يمكن أن تؤثر على خصائص أسطح مواد طباعة البوليمر السنية</p> <p> </p>Asmaa AbdeewiGazia ElbakoshMilad ElshahSalsabeel AlnaffatyMalak ShuhaybMuhamed Albarouni
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-03-222025-03-22576310.47705/kjdmr.25911009Evaluation of the Effect of Wet Cupping on hematological parameters in a sample of Libyan Adults
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/159
<p>Wet cupping is an ancient procedure used to treat and prevent various systemic diseases by removing blood from the body. This study aimed to analyze the impact of wet cupping on complete blood count (CBC) parameters in adults aged between 22 and 50 years. This study was conducted from June to August 2023 and involved 50 participants who were interested in undergoing wet cupping. Of these participants, 21 were male and 29 were female. Blood samples were taken before their first cupping session and again two weeks after the session. The collected blood samples were analyzed using a hematology analyzer (Sysmex-XP 300) to perform a complete blood count (CBC) analysis. There were no significant differences in the mean levels of WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT between the pre-cupping and post-cupping samples. However, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels significantly decreased in the post-cupping samples compared to the pre-cupping samples (P=0.009 and P=0.004, respectively). In conclusion, based on the study's findings, wet cupping did not cause any significant changes in the RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT levels, but there were significant decreases in the HGB and HCT levels.</p> <p>الحجامة الرطبة هي إجراء قديم يستخدم لعلاج والوقاية من الأمراض الجهازية المختلفة عن طريق إزالة الدم من الجسم. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل تأثير الحجامة الرطبة على معايير تعداد الدم الكامل لدى البالغين الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 22 و 50 عامًا. أجريت هذه الدراسة من يونيو إلى أغسطس 2023 وشارك فيها 50 مشاركًا مهتمين بالخضوع للحجامة الرطبة. من بين هؤلاء المشاركين، كان 21 من الذكور و 29 من الإناث. تم أخذ عينات الدم قبل جلسة الحجامة الأولى ومرة أخرى بعد أسبوعين من الجلسة. تم تحليل عينات الدم التي تم جمعها باستخدام جهاز تحليل أمراض الدم لإجراء تحليل تعداد الدم الكامل. لم تكن هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في متوسط مستويات خلايا الدم الحمراء، وخلايا الدم البيضاء، وحجم خلايا الدم الوسطى، ومستوى تركيز الماكرو في الدم، ومستوى تركيز الماكرو في الدم، ومستوى الصفائح الدموية. بين عينات ما قبل الحجامة وما بعدها. مع ذلك، انخفضت مستويات الهيموغلوبين والهيماتوكريت بشكل ملحوظ في عينات ما بعد الحجامة مقارنةً بعينات ما قبل الحجامة P=0.009 وP=0.004 على التوالي . في الختام، وبناءً على نتائج الدراسة، لم تُحدث الحجامة الرطبة أي تغيرات ملحوظة في مستويات خلايا الدم الحمراء، وخلايا الدم البيضاء، وحجم خلايا الدم الوسطى، ومستوى تركيز الماكرو في الدم، ومستوى تركيز الماكرو في الدم، ومستوى الصفائح الدموية، ولكن كان هناك انخفاض ملحوظ في مستويات الهيموغلوبين ومستوى الهيماتوكريت </p>Eman AbdulwahedKhaled ElbaruniEsraa HassanMaram HabliAhmed Atia
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-04-042025-04-04646710.47705/kjdmr.259110The Estimation of Dental Arch Discrepancy Among Libyan Adolescents and Adults with Irregular Teeth.
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/168
<p>The objective of this clinical study was to estimate the amount of dental discrepancy in patients seeking orthodontic treatment to correct irregular and crowded teeth in the Region of Misurata, to know the severity of the problem and the possibility of prevention and treatment, and to provide data for future comparisons with other regions in Libya. 120 orthodontic diagnostic models (60 males and 60 females aged from 14-24 years) from the authors' courtesy for patients with a Class I malocclusion and a full set of permanent teeth (except third molars) were manually analyzed using the segmented arch approach for space analysis. To test the intra-examiner reliability, 20 modes were randomly selected and analyzed twice in a one-week interval. The difference between the two measurements was tested using a sample t-test, and the difference was statistically not significant (p=0.832). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 7.5 software (LEAD Technologies Inc). There was neither a difference between males and females nor an age influence regarding the severity of dental crowding. The mean dental discrepancy of the upper and lower jaws, respectively, are (-4.60± 2.90 and -4.96±3.05 mms), indicating that generally the studied sample has a severe dental discrepancy in both jaws (space deficiency> 4 mms). >50% of the studied group showed a severe crowding (space deficiency >4mms), >35% had a moderate crowding (space deficiency > 2≤ 4mms). There is a strong correlation between the total discrepancy and the amount of discrepancy at the canine premolar segment (r>0.7 p<0.01) suggesting that arch perimeter loss due to premature loss of primary teeth may be the major etiologic factor among the study sample, but further studies are needed to explore other possible factors.</p> <p>الهدف من هذه الدراسة السريرية تقدير مقدار عدم الأنتظام السني (أزدحام الأسنان) في المرضى الذين يريدون إجراء العلاج التقويمي لتصحيح الأسنان غير المنتظمة والمزدحمة في منطقة مصراتة، لتحديد شدة المشكلة وإمكانية الوقاية والعلاج، وتقديم بيانات للمقارنة المستقبلية مع مناطق أخرى في ليبيا. تم تحليل 120 نموذجًا تشخيصيًا تقويميًا (60 ذكرًا و60 أنثى، تتراوح أعمارهم بين 14 و24 عامًا) من ضمن عيادة المؤلف للمرضى الذين يعانون من سوء الإطباق من النوع الأول، ولديهم مجموعة كاملة من الأسنان الدائمة (باستثناء الأضراس الثالثة)، باستخدام طريقة القوس المجزاء لتحليل المسافة. من أجل اختبار موثوقية الفحص لنفس الفاحص (المؤلف)، تم اختيار 20 نموذجًا عشوائيًا وتحليلها مرتين بفاصل زمني أسبوع واحد بين القياسين و تم اختبار الفرق بين القياسين باستخدام اختبار t المزدوج، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية . (p = 0.832). تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام برنامج SPSS الإصدار Lead Tech. Inc) 7.5 ( لم يكن هناك فرق ملحوظ في شدة ازدحام الأسنان بين الذكور والإناث، كما لم يكن للعمر تأثير في شدة الازدحام. كان المتوسط العام لعدم الأنتظام السني أو أزدحام الأسنان السني في الفك العلوي والسفلي على التوالي -4.60 ± 2.90 مم و -4.96 ± 3.05 مم، مما يشير إلى أن العينة المدروسة عمومًا تعاني من أزدحام سني شديد (نقص المسافة > 4 مم) في كلا الفكين. أظهر أكثر من 50% من المجموعة المدروسة ازدحامًا شديدًا (نقص المسافة > 4 مم)، بينما كان أكثر من 35% يعانون من ازدحام معتدل (نقص المسافة بين 2 و 4 مم). لوحظ ارتباط قوي بين الأزدحام الكلي والأزدحام في منطقة القواطع والأضراس الأمامية (r > 0.7، p < 0.01)، مما يشير إلى أن فقدان محيط القوس بسبب الفقدان المبكرللأسنان اللبنية قد يكون العامل المسبب الرئيسي في هذه العينة. ومع ذلك، هناك حاجة إلى دراسات إضافية لاستكشاف العوامل المحتملة الأخرى</p>Ahmed Ben-omran
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-04-082025-04-08687510.47705/kjdmr.25911011The Impact of Gonial Angle on Skeletal Class II Division 1 Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/169
<p>The gonial angle plays a crucial role in craniofacial morphology and directly affects mandibular positioning and growth patterns, and overall mandibular shape. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the gonial angle and skeletal class II division 1 malocclusion, emphasizing its impact on skeletal discrepancy between the maxilla and the mandible, both horizontally and vertically. A total of 116 lateral cephalographs 56 males and 60 females of Libyan White Ancient population patients diagnosed with skeletal class II division 1, were analyzed using Dr.Ceph software (Fytik Co.) Eighteen skeletal measurements were assessed, with focus on the gonial angle (Ar-Go-Me) and correlation with ANB, SNB, and mandibular plane angle(SN-MP). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 12.0 software (Lead Technology Co.). The measurement of the study sample was compared with the normal values of the Libyan population, including Pearson correlation analysis and t-tests to determine the significance of gonial angle effects. The results showed a significantly larger gonial angle observed in patients with class II Div1 malocclusion compared to normal cephalometric values for Libyans (p<0.01). The gonial angle demonstrates a positive correlation with ANB (r=0.287, p-0.002) and mandibular plane angle (r=0.352, p<0.001), and a negative correlation with SNB 9r=-0.297, p=0.001). These findings suggest that the increased gonial angle is associated with mandibular retrusion, steeper mandibular plane, clockwise (downward) rotation of the mandible, and increased lower facial height leading to a more pronounced class II skeletal relationship.</p>Ahmed Ben-omran
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2025-04-192025-04-19767910.47705/kjdmr.25911012Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Aqueous Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Fruits in Levofloxacin-Induced Inflammation in Wistar Female Rats
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/172
<p>Phoenix dactylifera, also known as date palm, from time immemorial has been using both for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to evaluate the pro-inflammatory and antioxidant enzymes/biomarkers activities of aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera in Levofloxacin–induced inflammation in female rats. A powdered sample of the edible portion of the plant was extracted using the cold-water extraction method. A total of 30 female rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each and were administered different doses of Phoenix dactylifera aqueous extract, ranging from 100, 200, and 400mg/bodyweight, while the reference group was administered the standard drug diclofenac, and the 5th group was left untreated and uninduced. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for analysis. Determination of pro-inflammatory enzymes and antioxidant enzymes was carried out using standard procedures. Findings from the study indicate that the aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera exhibits its action in a dose-dependent manner, also it competes favorably well with the group administered the reference drug. Thus, the finding from the study justifies the use of the plant in the treatment of several inflammatory-related illnesses in folk medicine.</p>Oyegoke Rukayat AbiodunJohn OmameIbrahim SadiyaShuiab Rukayat Tayo Abdulmajeed Fatimah FehintolaOyekanmi Olayinka Oyebode
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2025-04-292025-04-29809010.47705/kjdmr.25911013Setting Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite-Containing Glass Ionomer Cements by Oscillating Rheometer: Phosphate-based Compositions
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/173
<p>The purpose of this study was to assess the setting characteristics (working/setting times) of phosphate glass ionomer cement that were reinforced with different concentrations of hydroxyapatite crystals. A series of four ionomer glasses based on increasing in the phosphate content with general formula of 4.5SiO2-3Al2O3-xP2O5-3CaO-2CaF2 (Where x = 0.75, 1, 1.25 & 1.5) were synthesised using melt-quench route. Thereafter, the glass ionomer cements were prepared by mixing fine glass powder with poly-acrylic acid at specific powder to liquid ratio. The modified samples (hydroxyapatite-containing GICs) were made by adding hydroxyapatite powder to ionomer glass powder on weight substitution basis instead of certain amount of ionomer glass at a specific percentage of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The ionomer cements mixtures were investigated using Wilson’s Oscillating Rheometer in order to measure the setting characteristics (working/setting times) of the tested materials. Increasing in both phosphate content and substituted amount of hydroxyapatite for glass powder prolonged working/setting times of the glass ionomer cements significantly. The compositions with higher concentrations (15%) of hydroxyapatite showed adversely effect on handling properties and setting rates of the tested cements. The results suggest that addition of hydroxyapatite crystals has a significant impact on manipulation and setting reaction of the manufactured cements. The tested compositions with low-phosphate (highly reactive) and low-hydroxyapatite contents are more suitable for clinical use. Therefore, the additives concentrations’ have to be optimised to produce restorative materials with ideal properties.</p>Rawan Albeshti
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2025-05-082025-05-08919610.47705/kjdmr.25911014Hematological Disorders of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/175
<p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. It involves multiple organs and presents as varying clinical and hematological manifestations. Investigations are very important to diagnose SLE, including CBC, ESR. Limited data were reported for the frequency of SLE in Libya. A cross-sectional study aims to assess the prevalence of SLE in Tripoli, Libya. A total of 140 participants, including both genders and aged between 17 and 59 years. Diagnostic Tests and Blood Screening include a complete blood picture and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Gender-wise distribution was 93.52% females and 6.48% males. The percentage of SLE was highest in the age group 27 – 36 years (34.26%). The mean ESR was significantly increased in SLE patients compared to the control. While the mean Hgb was decreased compared to the control. The relationship between monocytes and neutrophils in two groups of SLE was also investigated by comparing SLE patients with the control group. The mean Monocytes and neutrophils were significantly increased in SLE patients compared to the control. There are no significant differences in Lymphocytes between SLE patients and control subjects. SLE is a chronic disease that is affected by multiple factors such as age, gender. Alterations in blood tests in SLE patients are a key point in disease diagnosis.</p>Mohamed AbuagelaNadra ElalemNajla ElyounsiWasim ElarbiRetaj AlmahmoudiSondos Gaumati
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2025-05-112025-05-119710210.47705/kjdmr.25911015Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Altering Salivary Concentration of Osteoprotegerin among Controlled Diabetics with Chronic Periodontitis
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/176
<p>Forty patients were included in the present study; they were divided equally into four equal groups (10 each): Group I include healthy subjects, Group II includes adult periodontitis patients free from any systemic diseases, Group III includes diabetics and periodontal healthy status and Group IV includes diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Group II and IV patients were subjected to mechanical plaque control procedure including complete mouth scaling and root planning, in order to improve their periodontal status. No initial periodontal therapy was performed in both other groups (Group I and III). Clinical evaluation was done through use of the following parameters, pocket depth measurement, attachment level measurement and gingival, plaque indices. These evaluations were done at baseline, one and three months. All included patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study and at the subsequent scheduled visits for salivary level of OPG using ELISA system. Results showed that Groups II and IV had an improvement in the entire measured clinical parameters following the completion of periodontal therapy. The mean values of OPG level recorded at baseline among the all included groups, showed increased values following the periodontal therapy in Group II and IV; such increase in OPG level was statistically significant. A reverse relationship between clinical signs of periodontal disease and level of OPG in saliva was noted. At baseline, mean of GI, PI and PD in diabetic chronic periodontitis group showed statistically significantly higher value compared with that of chronic periodontitis group. Regarding the mean of CAL there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Finally, through all periods, no statistically significant difference between % changes in GI, PI, PD and CAL of the two groups was noted.</p>Walid FtisKholoud FtisAhmed KishlafLaila HamadHelal Nsser
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-05-182025-05-1810310910.47705/kjdmr.25911016Clinical Presentation of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Maxillofacial Clinic of the National Institute of Oncology, Sabrata, Libya
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/174
<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is the most common oral malignancy, accounting for over 90% of tongue cancers. Despite its accessibility for clinical examination, delayed diagnosis remains common due to nonspecific early symptoms, contributing to a poor prognosis in advanced stages. This study describes the clinical profile and surgical outcomes of tongue SCC at the National Institute of Oncology, Sabrata, Libya. Thirty-three patients with tongue carcinoma between 2017 and 2022 were included in this study. Data on age, gender, tumor characteristics, smoking and alcohol use, clinical features, and histopathological findings were recorded. Surgical treatments included local excision, hemiglossectomy, and radical neck dissection. Out of the 33 patients, 23 underwent local excision with direct closure, 7 underwent hemiglossectomy, and 3 underwent radical neck dissection. Most cases presented in late primary or secondary stages, with significant associations between lesion size (>2 cm) and lymphatic metastasis (p=0.008). Chronic irritants, such as decayed teeth, appear to be risk factors for larger lesions and metastasis. The findings of this study are consistent with the literature regarding the relationship between tongue SCC, age, sex, and chronic irritants. Our findings underscore the critical need for early diagnosis through community screening and multidisciplinary management to mitigate the high burden of advanced-stage stage in Libya</p>Ayad AlkhalifiNagia BengharbiaMustafa ZaneenNagah Majdoub
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-05-312025-05-3111011810.47705/kjdmr.25911017Prevalence of Bolton Discrepancy in Tripoli: Does the Tooth Size Discrepancy Play an Important Role in Malocclusion
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/178
<p>Discrepancies in tooth size should be known at the initial diagnosis and treatment planning stages if perfect results in orthodontic finishing are to be achieved. A high percentage of finishing phase difficulties arise because of tooth size imbalances. Tooth size discrepancies are considered an important variable, especially in the anterior segment. This study is designed to determine the prevalence of tooth size discrepancy (TSD) in a representative orthodontics population among gender differences and among different class of malocclusion according to angle classifications. As well as to evaluate the ability of simple visual inspection to the upper and lower laterals as well as upper and lower premolars teeth size as suggested by Proffit1 to detect such a discrepancy. the sample Constance of 350 pre-treatment study casts with fully erupted and complete permanent dentitions from first molar to first molar, the random sample was classified into 100 study casts males and 250 study cast females. The sample was classified into 100 case Class I Angle, 150 Case class II Angle and 100 cases was Class III Angle malocclusions. The mesiodistal diameters of the teeth were measured at contact points using digital callipers and the Bolton's analysis was carried out on them. Simple visual estimation of Bolton discrepancy was also performed by Profit’s1 Visual estimation of TSD. As the sample comprised 350 pre-treatment study casts with fully erupted and complete permanent dentitions from first molar to first molar. The males show more anterior ratio Bolton discrepancy 55% than females 46%, 48.5% of the patients had anterior tooth width ratios. Regarding to the different Angle classes of malocclusions, class III malocclusion shows higher overall Bolton ratio TSDs by 65%, followed by class I malocclusion 58% and 48% was in class II malocclusion. In the other hand, the anterior Bolton TSDs ratio was occurred in class III Angle malocclusion by 65 % while class II Angle malocclusion was 47% and class I Angle malocclusion was 33%. Bolton's analysis should be routinely performed in all orthodontic patients and the findings should be included in orthodontic treatment planning. 1.5-2 mm of the required tooth size correction is an appropriate threshold for clinical significance, when aware of possible discrepancies, the orthodontist will be able to anticipate prosthetic work such as composite buildups or mesiodistal reduction when required, sometimes changes in dental inclinations may be used as an orthodontic treatment strategy to resolve anterior Bolton discrepancies and achieve an ideal relationship of incisors. Proffit1 Visual estimation of TSDs was done on the same casts and it was predictable and can be done routinely for each case.</p>Fathi AlmadaneNadia EddibRana Almadane
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-05-312025-05-3111912310.47705/kjdmr.25911018Association Between ABO Blood Groups and Cancer Susceptibility in the Libyan Population
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/179
<p>While earlier studies have demonstrated the impact of blood groups on numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and infections, researchers have also revealed intriguing links between certain blood groups and the risk of certain cancers. Evidence suggests that individuals with blood type O have a slight decrease in risk for certain digestive cancers. Whereas individuals who carry blood types A, B, and AB seem to have greater susceptibility to various types, including pancreatic, lung, breast, colorectal, and cervical cancers. However, the exact causes remain unclear, there is growing speculation that some genetic factors within the ABO region may affect the processes of angiogenesis and immune system responses. Bridging these gaps stands to transform strategy for personalized cancer therapies. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to determine the relationship between ABO blood group types and the prevalence of cancer. In analyzing these relationships, the study aims to advance efforts toward more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer. We harvested information from the cancer registry of a university hospital affiliated with a tumor registry on 300 Libyan patients aged between 25-85 years, categorized them into eight different types of cancers. Our data collection was through three processes: first, analysing the blood of the cancer patients, second, reviewing the medical files of the patients, and last, distributing public questionnaires. This study has represented differences in the types of cancer that patients may have based on their blood type. Due to the multifaceted approach to data collection, the insights provided from the study can significantly improve the impact of treatment interventions for the advancement of cancer research. During the study, the most prevalent blood group was O+, followed closely by A+. O+ blood type predominated in patients suffering from colon and pancreatic malignancies, while A+ was more frequent in those with lung and prostatic cancers. Fewer cancer patients were found to have an AB blood group. Other relationships regarding blood types and malignancy will be analysed statistically and graphically. Interpreting and understanding blood groups may facilitate the development of personalized healthcare strategies, particularly for high-risk individuals, allowing for targeted interventions to improve overall well-being. Further research, including functional studies, genetic studies and immunological mechanisms, remains necessary to elucidate the impact of ABO antigens on tumor development and prevention.</p>Salah ElbaruniNidal BilkhierGomaa Sulaiman
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-06-032025-06-0312412910.47705/kjdmr.25911019Awareness and Knowledge of Libyan Undergraduate Medical Students About Artificial Intelligence Use in Medical Education
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/180
<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) shows enormous potential across multiple applications, including patient diagnosis and educational decision-making. Medical students' perspectives and readiness are critical factors for AI implementation in medical education and healthcare. The current study sought to determine medical students' awareness of and knowledge about AI use in medical education. A cross-sectional study was carried out using Google Forms to collect data from undergraduate medical students studying at various medical colleges at the University of Tripoli, Libya. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed via Microsoft Excel. A total of 117 medical students participated in the survey. Approximately 54.70% of the students agreed that they are comfortable using AI, and half (55.55%) of them agreed that they are aware of AI's use in healthcare and medical education, whereas 82.05% agreed that AI has the potential to enhance medical education. A high proportion (82.91%) of the study participants agreed that AI can improve their learning experience, whereas 66.67% agreed that the information provided by AI is useful. However, only 22.22% of the participants agreed that AI can keep their data confidential. Our findings indicate that undergraduate medical students believe that AI has potential and will be useful if it is implemented in medical education. Students at the undergraduate level should be made aware of the use of AI tools and applications.</p>Ahmed AtiaShahd GnidyShaima AlsadikAsma Eshtewi
Copyright (c) 2025 Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research
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2025-06-052025-06-0513013410.47705/kjdmr.25911020Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Access Cavities Prepared by Undergraduate Dental Students at Tripoli University
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/181
<p>Access cavity efficiency is essential and a critical component of the clinical abilities needed for successful root canal treatment. It requires precise, professional hand skills, as well as a holistic cavity design based on radiographic interpretation and the clinical appearance of the accessible tooth. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of access cavity modalities performed by undergraduate dental students (n=73) at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Tripoli. Students' access cavities, as well as the strengths and limitations of access cavity preparation in pri-clinic, were visually and radiographically assessed. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare the performance of male and female students in each of the parameters studied. The results indicated that students with relative skill in access and absence of overhangs received the highest score of 1.63 out of the evaluated features. Furthermore, the flaring score of 1.37 indicates a reasonable mastery of this aspect of the method. Nonetheless, the scores for Morphology (1.15) and Coronal Preservation (1.27) suggest areas that require further development and training. Undergraduate students demonstrate acceptable proficiency, particularly in achieving proper access and minimizing structural overhangs. However, the variation in scores for morphology and coronal root preservation indicates that these areas require further attention and need curricular enhancements and more targeted preclinical training to allow for full skill.</p>Sumaya AghilaRadya ShanaqMohamed HshadMohamed Issa
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2025-06-182025-06-1813514010.47705/kjdmr.25911021 Urinary Tract Infections in Elderly Patients in Tripoli, Libya: A Study on Bacterial Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility
https://journals.khalijlibya.edu.ly/index.php/ojs/article/view/182
<p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered the most widespread bacterial infections and among the most common nosocomial infections, second only to lower respiratory tract infections. The risk of developing a UTI increases with age, making UTIs among the most commonly diagnosed infections in elderly people, representing a significant public health problem. This study aimed to isolate and detect the microbial responsible for urinary tract infections in elderly individuals and determine their resistance patterns and sensitivity to antibiotics among Libyan patients in Tripoli city. The study was conducted simultaneously in Alsharik, Eltafoq, and Ibn Al Nafis laboratories in Tripoli, Libya, during July and August 2024. One hundred and one urine samples were collected from elderly participants suffering from UTI symptoms (38 males and 63 females), with ages ranging from 60 to 97 years. Isolation, biochemical identification, and antibiotic susceptibility analyses were performed. Thirteen antibiotics were tested in this study. Among the 101 isolated samples from elderly patients with suspected UTI, females had a higher prevalence of bacterial infections (62.4%) compared to males (37.6%). The highest number of infections was in the 60–69 years age group (45.4%). Gram-negative organisms accounted for 91.1% of isolates compared to Gram-positive organisms. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated (43.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.7%). Most isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (31.7%) and Amoxicillin (23.8%), followed by Tetracycline (10.9%). The Gram-positive organisms Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were most susceptible to Amoxicillin, Amikacin, and Meropenem, with sensitivity rates of 75%, 66.7%, and 50%, respectively. E. coli was more susceptible to Imipenem (25%), Amikacin (22.7%), and Nitrofurantoin (13.6%), whereas Amoxicillin and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim showed lower efficacy. Gram-negative bacteria were the main cause of UTIs in the study population, mainly belonging to the E. coli and Klebsiella families. Age and gender were significant factors in determining UTI etiology, and considering these factors can improve the accuracy in identifying causative uropathogens and guide empirical treatment.</p>Najla ElyounsiFatma AlazabiSoomia Al-HaddadOsama AL-ahmarAsma Abolqasim
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2025-06-192025-06-1914114810.47705/kjdmr.25911022