Epidemiological Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Association with Demographic and Seasonal Factors Among Patients Attending Al-Bayda Teaching Medical Center, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection remains a significant public health concern, particularly in developing regions. This cross-sectional study investigated the epidemiological characteristics of H. pylori infection among patients attending Al-Bayda Teaching Medical Center, Libya, in 2025, with emphasis on demographic and seasonal factors. A total of 480 patients were included, and infection status was determined using a standardized rapid stool antigen test. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 15.8%. Adults exhibited a significantly higher infection rate compared with children, identifying age as the principal determinant of infection (p < 0.001). Although males showed a slightly higher prevalence than females, the difference was not statistically significant. Infection was present in all seasons, with no significant seasonal variation observed. These findings indicate persistent transmission of H. pylori in this population and support the need for targeted screening and effective management strategies, particularly among adults.